A pediatric surgeon is a specialist who focuses on surgical procedures in pediatric patients, including fetuses, infants (born premature or full term), children, to adolescents not older than 18 years.
Pediatric surgeon is a subspecialty of general surgery that deals with various conditions that require surgery, both in cases of emergency, injury, infection, cancer or tumor, degenerative disorders, and congenital abnormalities in children and adolescents.
In Indonesia, to get the title of pediatric surgery specialist (Sp.BA), a general practitioner must undergo specialist education in surgery for 10 semesters. Pediatric surgeon education is a continuing professional education for 2 years for general surgeons who are interested in pediatric surgery.
Specialist Pediatric Surgery Field of Work
Pediatric surgeons are divided into several expertise, including:
- Prenatal pediatric surgery related to unborn fetuses.
- Neonatal field surgery for children focused on infants, either term or premature.
- Oncology pediatric surgery, which focuses on dealing with pediatric patients who have cancer.
- Child surgery in the field of traumatology, which focuses on emergency surgical treatment with cases of trauma or injury.
- Pediatric urology surgery, a branch of surgical subspecialty that deals with cases of diseases and disorders of the child's urinary tract.
- Pediatric digestive surgery, which explores surgical management in cases of pediatric gastrointestinal disease.
Duties and Roles of Pediatric Surgery Specialists
In the medical world, pediatric surgeons have a special role as health workers in providing health services with special competence in pediatric surgery with a scientific foundation of medical science, clinical skills, and management of health problems.
Based on the regulations of the Indonesian Medical Council (KKI) regarding professional education standards and competencies of pediatric surgeons, a pediatric surgeon must have the ability to perform services, management procedures, and manage health problems in the field of pediatric surgery as a whole. The following are the duties and roles of pediatric surgeons:
- Determine the diagnosis based on physical examination, medical interviews, and supporting examinations.
- Having the ability to provide an explanation correctly, clearly, completely, and honestly about the purpose, needs, and the benefits and risks of medical actions to be carried out.
- Perform clinical procedures for pediatric surgery according to problems, needs, and authority.
- Perform emergency medical procedures correctly according to the patient's health problems and his authority as a pediatric surgeon.
- Explain indications of drug administration, how the drug works, dosage, and its application to patients.
- Manage pediatric surgery patients in polyclinics, operating rooms, nursing wards, intensive care units (ICU), and emergency departments.
- Providing education and counseling related to the health development of pediatric surgery patients, the patient's family and community.
Medical Procedures and Diseases Handled by Pediatric Surgery Specialists
A pediatric surgeon has clinical skills to perform treatments and surgeries according to illnesses suffered by pediatric patients, such as:
- Abnormalities in the digestive tract, including: hernias and achalasia, pylorus stenosis (narrowing of the stomach), intestinal obstruction, intussusception, ileus, omphalocele and gastroschisis, Meckel's diverticulum, Hirschsprung's disease, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), appendicitis (appendicitis), peritonitis, periton the lining of the abdominal cavity), perforation of the stomach and intestine, as well as blunt abdominal trauma (stomach injury).
- Diseases of the liver, bile and pancreas, including: cholecystitis (inflammation of the bile duct), choledocyst cysts (bile cysts), biliary atresia, pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatitis, and liver cancer.
- Reproductive system disorders, including: testicular tumors, ovarian tumors, ovarian cysts, and testicular adesensus (undescended testicles)
- Disorders or abnormalities in the chest cavity and respiratory tract, including: chest injury, pneumothorax (the presence of excess air in the pleura), hematothorax (the presence of blood in the pleural cavity), pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum (prominent chest), and tumors in the chest cavity.
- Diseases of the bones, including: broken bones, joint displacement, and bone tumors.
- Blood and lymphatic disorders (lymphatic system), including: lymphangioma, enlarged lymph nodes, bone marrow collection (aspiration) in children with leukemia, and enlarged spleen (splenomegaly).
- Abnormalities or disorders of the brain nerves, including: neuroblastoma, severe head injury, and brain hemorrhage that need surgery.
- Disorders of the kidney and urinary system, including: hypospadias and epispadia, kidney stones, disorders of the bladder including bladder stones, injury to the kidneys, as well as kidney and urinary tract infections.
- Tumors and cancer, including: lymphoma, brain cancer, leukemia, and soft tissue tumors.
- Disorders of the skin system, including: severe burns, melanoma or skin cancer in children.
- Intensive care, including: cardiac pulmonary resuscitation, fluid and electrolyte therapy, management of acid-base disorders, and intensive monitoring of the child's condition.
When should you see a pediatric surgeon?
Generally, pediatric surgeons can be found on the advice or referral from a pediatrician or general practitioner who handles a patient's illness. The following are some situations that require you to see or consult a pediatric surgeon, namely:
- The child has a disorder, disease, or condition that requires surgical medical treatment.
- Children experience pain that requires immediate surgery to relieve pain
- Children have birth defects or genetic disorders that require surgery.
- Get referral advice from a pediatrician or general practitioner to consult a pediatric surgeon about the disease and further steps to treat it.
Preparation to See Pediatric Surgery Specialist
Here are some preparations that need to be done before seeing a pediatric surgeon:
- Make notes about complaints and symptoms suffered by pediatric patients in detail, as well as medical history and growth and development of children from the womb.
- Bring the results of previous examinations, such as blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, or biopsies if present.
- Inform your doctor about drugs (medical or herbal) and supplements that are being consumed.
- Ask about the treatment options available and the level of success, as well as the risk of each treatment.
- Ensuring that the facilities and services are good, complete and friendly.
- If you want to take advantage of BPJS or insurance, make sure the hospital is affiliated with BPJS or insurance providers.
- Ask for recommendations from a number of pediatric surgeons from doctors who treat pediatric ailments.
Except for emergency surgery, parents are advised to prepare the child's mental condition before undergoing the scheduled surgery. Good preparation can help reduce children's fears and worries when undergoing anesthesia procedures and pediatric surgeon operations, as well as helping children get through the recovery period quickly.
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